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6SN7 Info & Links

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Below is a great set of comprehensive links provided by Craig Ryder on Audio Asylum. These are all short and, for the most part, non- technical. There is a fair amount of repetition through some of the articles but hey, maybe that means it’s important. The British National Valve Museum is a beautiful site.

Click here to download Craig's complete tube link document!

1) A Taste of Tubes (50 pages), Sonic Frontiers: http://www.anthemav.com/OldSitev1/frames/tubesfr.html
2) The National (British) Valve Museum This is a beautiful site. All of the articles are good but read the “Story of the Valve”, if nothing else, if you are new to tubes. http://www.r-type.org/static/.contents.htm
3) The Cool Sound of Tubes, E. Barbour: www.spectrum.ieee.org/select/0898/tube.html
4) How A Vacuum Tube Works, E. Barbour: www.svetlana.com/docs/tubeworks.html
5) Vacuum Tube Valley FAXs, E. Barbour: http://www.vacuumtube.com/FAQ1.htm
6) Vacuum Tube FAX, H. Pasternack: http://home.earthlink.net/~busenitz/vac.html
7) A History of Tube Companies: http://vintagetubeservices.com/page8.html
8) Vacuum Tube Primer, R. Hamm: http://www.audioasylum.com/audio/faq/tubeprimer.html

9) Randall Aiken, A Glossary of Common Amplifier Terms: Why do they call it B+ and what is it anyway? R. Aiken provides a few clear definitions of some basic terms you’ll need to know. http://www.aikenamps.com/AmpTerms.html
Ray Dall, Electronics Theory.com:

10) http://www.electronicstheory.com/html/e101-1.htm.  Beginner’s basics on circuits about as briefly as is possible. Electronics Theory is a complete course for folks who only want to spend a few hours on the subject and a good starting point for those who want to go further. About 50 short pages. A helpful overview of tubes begins on page 37.

Confused what the numbers mean? Tube Numbering explained:
Åke’s Tube Numbering: http://w1.871.telia.com/~u87127076/tabeller/index.htm
Tube Numbering Systems (Frank’s site) http://home.wxs.nl/~frank.philipse/frank/tubnum.html 
Philip, Valvo & Mullard Valve Coding: http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/oheinone/valves/pvm-coding.html
Tube Numbering (MachMat’s Site): http://www.machmat.com/info/index.htm
Russian encoding system: http://www.arrakis.es/~igapop/russianotes.htm
Coding systems: http://www.arrakis.es/~igapop/referenc.htm
Brent Jessee’s Amperex, Mullard, Philips, Valvo tube codes: http://www.audiotubes.com/mullcode.htm
Phillips factory and tube codes: http://www.triodeel.com/images/philipstubecodes.pdf  Note that all Philips subsidiary companies (Mullard, Valvo, etc) and all factories that made tubes under Philips license used these codes (Ei, Toshiba, Siemens, etc) so it's not limited to European Philips tubes.PDF file.

6SN7 General Info and Types

The 6SN7 tube is a medium-mu twin triode in an octal based package, usually glass, although some metal envelope types were made. In normal use it operates as a class A amplifier. It was widely used in the early days of television as the vertical amplifier, and it's use was so common in most TV chassis designs that vintage 6SN7 tubes are still fairly easy to find today. Audio designers soon found it made a great audio preamp with it's large plates, ample power reserve, and low microphonic octal package. The GTA and GTB types, having been fine tuned for demands in television chassis vertical sweep circuits, can handle up to 7 watts maximum plate power!

The demands for these tubes today are primarily in vintage and recent design audio amplifiers and preamplifiers of the high-fidelity type, up to and including the most expensive and esoteric. It seems there is a 6SN7 tube for every taste and budget, and some of the vintage versions are being hunted to extinction, especially those made for the military. I will try to explain the differences between some of these tubes, and list specifically what I have in stock. I expect some of these tubes will skyrocket in price worldwide as more and more audio designers find out that this preamp tube is a design that really can't be improved upon....and that the fine vintage tubes just cannot (and probably will not) ever be duplicated by a current production tube.

Three envelope sizes are common in the full octal base version: SHORT, glass is 1.5 inches high; MEDIUM, glass is 1 3/4 inches high; TALL or "TALL BOY", glass is 2 inches high.

VT-231:

6SN7GT / G:

This is the original version of this tube. It may be found in all three sizes of glass envelope. The Sylvania Tall Boy types have two triangular shaped plates facing each other mounted high in the tube, with either a top or bottom getter. The early Sylvania types had a top getter and silver flashed the entire top of the tube, sometimes called "chrome tops". Many brands used this design, but the high mounted triangular plates means it most likely was made by Sylvania. The early RCA "GT" types were usually in either a medium or short envelope and have a grey RF shield sprayed on inside the glass. The GE and KenRad types were similar, but the inner glass coating is deep black. These tubes usually have flat black plates, like large 12AX7 blackplates. The military versions of these are the VT-231 and are in very high demand today.

6SN7GTA / GTB:

This is the later improved version, and the improvements were primarily geared toward the TV chassis designers who demanded more max. plate wattage and voltage, where vertical circuits can put up to 1500 volt pulses at 7 watts on the plates. For hi-fi audio use, these improvements are meaningless. These are fine tubes, nonetheless. Most are found in the short glass envelope, but some brands like Raytheon used the Tall Boy style. Sylvania made tubes have the triangular plates mounted lower, and set at angles to each other, although some of the very earliest examples of the GTA types still used the dull blackplates facing each other. RCA used the flat black plates "sideways" to each other, and GE used the grey plates parallel to each other. The Sylvania types in demand have a large top getter patch. The earliest Sylvania GTA types have a green label and heavy top getter flashing extending down the sides of the tube. The early GTB types are similar, but have a yellow or red label. The versions from the 1960s have the getter just covering the top of the tube. All of these have the same black triangular plates and are excellent tubes. The GE types have a side getter and large parallel grey plates, and the RCA used both bottom or side getter. Most other vintage USA brands you find will have been made by these three vendors, and will be one of the above variations, regardless of brand on the label. A few were made with brown micanol bases, the RCA types being very dark brown, the GE types being a lighter, marbled brown. Many audiophiles prefer either the Sylvania chrome tops, the RCA, or the GE side getter over any others, even over the military or redbase types. These are all a great bargain now, and are sure to be rare and expensive tomorrow.

6SN7W / WGT / WGTA:

This type indicates a military spec tube that was not made for consumer use. These usually have extra support posts on the plate structure, heavy mica spacers, and brown micanol bases. These also have the famous triangular shaped black plates. They have been ruggedized to withstand shock, the brown low loss micanol base resists mold, mildew, and fungus growth, and they can withstand heat even if used upside down. The early Sylvania 6SN7W types from the 1940s had a metal collar around the base, then later a black base. These look internally alot like the early Sylvania GTA types listed above. Sylvania made these for other brands as well, including RCA. Easy to spot as they have the triangular blackplates facing each other in a short bottle, with a very heavy chrome top flashing extending down the sides of the tube. These are RARE and worth seeking out! The WGT and WGTA types all had brown bases. Only the WGTA types made in the late 70s and 80s reverted back to black bases then coin or wafer bases. These are all wonderful tubes, are long lived, and sound fantastic. No wonder they are fast disappearing from the vintage market.

5692:

This is the premimum commercial / "industrial" grade of 6SN7. The most famous of these are the RCA "redbase" series, with their distinctive red marbled full octal bases. These are always in the short glass envelope style, and most have four support rods joining the four corners of the top and bottom mica spacers and supporting the plate structure. These have 10,000 hour life filaments and are very resistant to shock and vibration, making them low in microphonics. The RCA versions have the "stop sign" label on the top of the tube with the number 5692 inside, and on the older tubes this was often smeared off, being printed with a chalky white paint. ALL of the redbase versions of this tube were made by RCA, regardless of the brand on the label. TungSol, GE, and Raytheon can often be found branded on the label, but RCA made them all. Other brands like CBS/Hytron and Sylvania made brownbase versions of this tube, but I suspect all were actually made by RCA, as they are identical inside.
 

 
 
This info was reproduced from Triode Electronics' website located at http://www.triodeel.com/eiacode.htm

These are codes often seen stamped on components found in US made vintage tube equipment. This list is circa 1955, and some codes have been reassigned or added since that time.

Code formats were not completely standardized, but a little deciphering will generally yield the info of interest. Note that many makers also stamped OEM (Original Eqipment Manufacturer) part numbers above or below the EIA code, in some cases parts makers or the customer elected not to include the EIA codes, so not all parts have them.

They generally follow the following format: (example)

322 5904

where 322 is the manufacturer code (in this case Tungsol), 59 is the year (1959), and 04 is the week.

One alternate scheme is:

274 940

274 is the EIA code (RCA) 9 is the last digit of the year (in this case 1949). Usually single digit date codes are from the 1940's, but have on occasion shown up in later decades, even up to the 1970's. If one has a general idea of the age of the piece in question, usually the decade can be divined from that.

Another alternate is in the format following:

188-5 69 32

188 is General Electric. 5 is the plant code (in this case, Owensboro, Kentucky). 69 32 is 1969, 32nd week.

And another is like this:

322 6104-1

322 is Tungsol, 6104 is 1961, 4th week, 1 is the shift code (1 would probably be the day shift)

After about 1960, many tube manufacturers went to encrypted alphabetical date codes., such as:

KE

188-5

The reason was purportedly to allow factories to track the dates of manufacture of defective tubes (especially important in the case of OEM customers that might send back entire batches of tubes), but avoid possible consumer complaints about "stale" tubes. This sounds perhaps a little silly since the shelf life of tubes is decades, at least (indefinite in practical terms), but some OEM's might have beenn a bit irritated by occasional consumer complaints such as "my 1961 model TV has 1959 model tubes in it!"

Tubes made for the US military, or certain OEMs (such as some test equipment manufacturers) that requested it, continued to carry numerical date codes.

In years past, EIA (Electronic Industries Association) also went by the name of RETMA, and the original acronym of RMA (Radio Manufacturer's Association).
EIA Code Lists for:

Tubes and CRT's EIA code
Amperex (USA)  111
Bendix 125
DuMont 158
Eimac (Eitel-McCullough, Inc) 162
Electronic Tube Corp 169
General Electric Co (USA) 188
Hytron (CBS-Hytron) 210
Machlett 231
RCA (Radio Corp of America) 274
Raytheon 280
Superior Tube Co 310
Sylvania (Hygrade Sylvania Corp) 312
Tung-Sol 322
United Electronics 323
Western Electric 336
Westinghouse 337
Zenith Radio Corp (CRT's) 343
Nortn American Philips Corp 423
Taylor (aka Cetron-Taylor) 713
Lewis & Kaufman 738
National Electronics (also Cetron) 749
Penta Laboratories 771
Vacuum Tube Products 781
Varian Associates 809
Litton Industries 879
Electrons, Inc 935


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